Hair length in cats is primarily determined by the FGF5 gene, which plays a role in regulating hair growth. Several mutations in this gene are associated with long hair, following an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. A cat may have long hair when it carries two copies of variants associated with this trait, either identical or different. Genetic testing identifies the mutations screened for and detects short-haired cats carrying the long-hair trait, providing useful information for predicting coat length in kittens.

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