Bird

The DRD4 gene encodes a dopamine receptor, a molecule involved in certain behavioural functions such as attention, impulse control and cognitive abilities. In racing pigeons, two markers in the DRD4 gene are tested together in relation to race performance. The combined CTCT profile is associated with the highest average scores over short distances, meaning races under 400 km. For long-distance races, the available results do not confirm a significant effect of DRD4 alone, but a prospective study suggests that the DRD4 CCCT profile may be of interest when combined with other favourable markers. This test therefore provides complementary information to guide the selection of breeding birds, especially for short-distance races, without replacing the assessment of the pigeon’s lineage, training and actual race results.

The F-KER marker concerns a keratin gene involved in feather structure, an essential element for flight quality in racing pigeons. The F-KER g.710T>G mutation may modify feather keratin and influence its mechanical characteristics. The TT genotype stands out mainly as being of interest for long-distance races, meaning races over 500 km, with better results reported for this type of competition. This test therefore provides complementary information to guide the selection of breeding birds intended for prolonged effort, while taking into account the actual quality of the pigeon, its lineage, training and results.

The CRY1 gene encodes a cryptochrome, a protein expressed notably in the retina and studied for its potential role in magnetic field perception. In racing pigeons, this function may contribute to orientation and return to the loft. The CRY1 AG>TT marker is associated with performance in short-distance races, meaning races between 100 and 400 km. Pigeons with the AG/TT genotype show higher average scores than AG/AG pigeons for this type of race. This test can therefore provide complementary information to guide the selection of breeding birds intended for short-distance races, while taking into account the pigeon’s lineage, training and actual race results.

The blue colour of the feathers in some parrots is due to a genetic mutation affecting the production of the psittacofulvin pigment. This pigment is responsible for the colours yellow to red, whereas the blue in these parrots comes from a feather structure rather than pigments.

A recent study of two species of lovebird, Masked lovebird (Agapornis personatus) and Fischer's lovebird (Agapornis fischeri) revealed that the blue colour is linked to a specific mutation in a gene called MuPKS. The BIRD-BLUE test can be used to detect the presence of this mutation.