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Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are a group of lysosomal storage diseases that affect the central nervous system, leading to early neuronal death and progressive neurodegeneration. NCL2 specifically affects dachshunds, with symptoms including vision loss, tremors, and coordination problems starting at a young age. Unfortunately, there is no known cure for NCL2, and affected dogs typically do not survive past 12 months of age.

Cystinuria is a disorder that interferes with the proper reabsorption of cystine (an amino acid) in the kidneys leading to the formation of cystine crystals in the urine. Affected dogs have cystine crystals in the kidneys and/or bladder. 

Progressive retinal atrophy is an inherited eye disease characterized by bilateral degeneration of the photoreceptor cells of the retina resulting in progressive vision loss leading to total blindness. Other mutations can cause progressive retinal atrophy. 

Von Willebrand disease is a condition that causes excessive bleeding due to a lack or reduced level of von Willebrand factor (vWF), a blood clotting protein. 

Von Willebrand disease is a condition that causes excessive bleeding due to a deficiency or reduced levels of von Willebrand factor (vWF), a blood clotting protein.

This mutation is found in the Chinese Crested dog, but homozygous dogs do not appear to show clinical signs of bleeding disorders.

Brachyury, also known as bobtail, is a dominant mutation that is lethal in utero in the homozygous state (two copies of the bobtail mutation). This test also identifies whether the dog's tail is naturally short or whether it has been docked. The list of breeds for which the test is validated is shown below. In six other breeds studied, the short tail is not due to the mutation tested: Boston Terrier, English Bulldog, King Charles Spaniel, Miniature Schnauzer, Parson Russell Terrier, Rottweiler

Hypocatalasia (or acatalasemia) is a rare genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the CAT gene, leading to a severe deficiency of catalase. This enzyme normally protects tissues against oxidative stress. The c.979G>A (p.Ala327Thr) mutation was first identified in a Beagle colony and subsequently detected in pet Beagles. A homozygous dog notably developed oral cavity gangrene with tooth loss at a young age. The disease may remain clinically silent for a long time, which highlights the importance of genetic screening in breeding dogs.
This test is also recommended for the Basset Hound as part of the Flemish government breeding program (see the official program).

The PPARD gene is involved in mechanisms related to energy metabolism, fat utilisation and muscular endurance. In racing pigeons, a recent study suggests that certain variations in this gene may be linked to race performance, particularly return speed and ranking coefficient. The CC genotype for the PPARD c.*271C>T marker is the one that stands out most favourably in the study, notably because it was observed in pigeons taking part in a larger number of races. This test can therefore provide complementary information to guide the selection of breeding birds, without replacing the assessment of the pigeon, its lineage, training and actual racing results.

Cone-rod dystrophy 2 is a form of progressive retinal atrophy characterised by an early, severe and rapidly progressive loss of cone function accompanied by a progressive loss of rods.

This pack includes the recommended tests defined by the Flemish breeding program for Golden Retriever: neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 5 (DOG-NCL5GR), degenerative myelopathy type 2 (DOG-DM2), and ichthyosis type 2 (DOG-ICHGR-2).

The Flemish breeding program also requires the tests included in our DOG-RETRIVER-VL pack.