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Neuro-axonal dystrophy (NAD) in Papillon dogs is a rare inherited neurological disorder that causes progressive degeneration of the central nervous system.
Signs appear very early, usually between 2 and 4 months of age, and include gait abnormalities, head and limb tremors, weakness of the hind limbs, and in some cases, involvement of the forelimbs or visual deficits.
The progression is rapid and severe: affected dogs may have difficulty eating and are often euthanized shortly after the onset of symptoms due to a reserved vital prognosis.

This pack includes the recommended tests defined by the Flemish breeding program for American Staffordshire Terrier:

Canine multifocal retinopathy type 1 (DOG-CMR1), Collie eye anomaly (DOG-CEA), Cone Rod Dystrophy type 2 (DOG-PRA-CRD2), Progressive rod-cone degeneration (DOG-PRA-PRCD), Congenital myasthenic syndrome (DOG-CMS-CHRNE), Cranio-mandibular osteopathy (DOG-CMO), Ichthyosis (DOG-ARCI), Multidrug Resistance type 1 (DOG-MDR1) and Von Willebrand disease type 1 (DOG-VWD1).

The Flemish breeding program also requires the tests included in our DOG-AMSTAFF-VL pack.

The term furnishings describes the longer moustache and eyebrows seen in wirehaired dogs and other breeds and is due to a variant of the R-spondin-2 (RSPO2) gene. In some breeds such as the Labradoodle, Goldendoodle and Portuguese Water Dog, the lack of trimming is called improper coat. The test can be performed for any breed, but is particularly relevant for the following breeds: Briard, Havanese, Maltese, Old English Sheepdog, Bouvier Des Flandres, German Pointer, Poodle, Chinese Crested Dog, Portuguese Water Dog, Goldendoodle, Brussels Griffon, Labradoodle, Shih Tzu, Dachshund,Soft-coated Wheaten Terrier, Jack Russell Terrier, Black Russian Terrier, Yorkshire Terrier.

The locus E or extension refers to a mutation in the MC1R gene. Dogs with one or two dominant E alleles produce eumelanin (black pigment) while dogs with two copies of the e^1 allele will have a red or yellow coat. For dogs with at least one E allele, coat colour will be determined by other genes, including the A, B, D and K locus. Two other variants of this mutation were identified in 2018: the e^2 allele found in the Australian Cattle Dog (see DOG-LOCUS-E-CATTLEDOG) and the e^3 allele in the Husky (see DOG-LOCUS-E-HUSKY).

Cerebellar hypoplasia in the White Swiss Shepherd is a genetic disease linked to an abnormality in the development of the cerebellum. Symptoms generally appear between 2 and 4 weeks of age and include progressive ataxia (loss of co-ordination of movement), difficulty standing upright, walking in a straight line and difficulty suckling. Affected puppies show a normal sucking reflex, but have difficulty attaching to the nipple. At necropsy, severe anatomical abnormalities are observed, including the absence of cerebellar folia, moderate internal hydrocephalus and alterations in the structure of the cerebellum, with disorganised cell layers. The disease generally leads to the euthanasia of puppies at around 4 weeks of age.